Question 1

Piaget's preoperational stage is so named because he believed that children in this stage of development:

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot yet perform reversible mental actions.
B)  cannot yet form stable concepts.
C)  are unable to reason.
D)  cannot operate electronic devices like TVs.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Approximately _____ children is estimated to have some sort of autism spectrum disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 in 50
B)  1 in 150
C)  1 in 300
D)  1 in 500E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

A young child might be heard saying "That tree pushed the leaf off and it fell down." The child's belief that the tree is capable of action is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentrism.
B)  conservation.
C)  animism.
D)  kineticism.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios best represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development?

Accepted Answer

A)  A teacher assigns challenging tasks that students must complete on their own.
B)  An instructor helps students with laboratory work showing them how to do things the students cannot yet do.
C)  A teacher waits patiently for students to come up with good answers and assesses their learning capabilities.
D)  An instructor systematically offers standardized tests to students to evaluate their mental abilities on varying subjects.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

According to Rochel Gelman,_____ is especially important in explaining conservation.

Accepted Answer

A)  the age of a child
B)  heredity
C)  attention
D)  intuitionE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Nurturing is a key aspect of the _____,which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his or her physical,cognitive,and socioemotional development.

Accepted Answer

A)  child-centered kindergarten
B)  Montessori approach
C)  developmentally appropriate practice
D)  Reggio Emilia approachE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Shawn's mother took him to the doctor as he frequently complained of fatigue.The doctor diagnosed his condition as _____ that results from the failure to eat adequate amounts of quality meats and dark green vegetables.

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone deficiency
B)  binge eating disorder
C)  iron deficiency anemia
D)  hemophiliaE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Debra is a very active child.She loves to tumble and show off.She is always trying what her parents consider hair-raising stunts.She also loves running and believes she can run faster than her parents.This type of activity level and confidence is most characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

A)  one-year-olds.
B)  two-year-olds.
C)  three-year-olds.
D)  five-year-olds.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

In a Tools of the Mind classroom,_____ has a central role.

Accepted Answer

A)  nutrition
B)  didactic lecture
C)  dramatic play
D)  abstract presentationE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Short sleep duration in children is linked with being:

Accepted Answer

A)  dyslexic.
B)  myopic.
C)  overweight.
D)  paraplegic.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following should be minimized in order to improve eating behavior of children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competing activities
B)  A predictable schedule
C)  Parents eating healthy food
D)  Making mealtimes pleasant occasionsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers have found that contextual factors like poverty and parenting quality are linked to the development of the brain.
B)  A study found that higher levels of maternal sensitivity in early childhood were associated with higher total brain volume.
C)  Growing up in poverty has no influence on brain development.
D)  The brain does not show dramatic growth in overall size from the 3 to 15 year age range.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

When comparing the heights and weights of preschool children around the world,it can be observed that there are:

Accepted Answer

A)  congenital differences.
B)  ethnic differences among them.
C)  no visible differences.
D)  cases of hyperthyroidism.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

18-month-old Alan hates spinach but says "Yum!" when he sees his mother eating her favorite spinach casserole.This indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  he will also like spinach when he grows up.
B)  he recognizes that someone else may have different desires from his own.
C)  he has started to recognize false beliefs.
D)  he has started to understand that people can have ambivalent feelings.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Critics of universal preschool education argue that:

Accepted Answer

A)  quality preschools prepare children for school readiness and academic success.
B)  research has not proven that non-disadvantaged children benefit from attending a preschool.
C)  the gains attributed to preschool and kindergarten education are often understated.
D)  quality preschool programs increase the likelihood that the child will drop out of school later.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following was cited by Zigler and his colleagues supporting universal preschool in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is more important to improve preschool education for young children who are disadvantaged rather than funding preschool education for all four-year-old children.
B)  The quality of inner-city schools has often been found to be questionable.
C)  Research has proven that the gains attributed to preschool and kindergarten education are often overstated.
D)  Universal preschool would bring billions of dollars of cost savings because of a diminished need for remedial and justice services.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The realization that people can have false beliefs develops in a majority of children by the time they are _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

A)  two
B)  three
C)  four
D)  fiveE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Research with the memory-span task suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory increases during early childhood.
B)  long-term memory reaches maturation by early childhood.
C)  memory span depends on one's ethnic origin.
D)  heredity is one of the major factors affecting memory.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

In the context of perception,by _____ years of age,a child recognizes that another person will see what is in front of his or her own eyes instead of what is in front of the child's eyes.

Accepted Answer

A)  two
B)  three
C)  four
D)  fiveE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following is a criticism of Vygotsky's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vygotsky was specific about age-related changes and generalized all individuals.
B)  Vygotsky overemphasized the role of language in thinking.
C)  Vygotsky particularly described how changes in socioemotional capabilities contribute to cognitive development,which is highly subjective.
D)  Vygotsky laid no emphasis on guidance,which plays an important role in learning.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Approximately _____ children is estimated to have some sort of autism spectrum disorder.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a Tools of the Mind classroom,_____ has a central role.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shawn's mother took him to the doctor as he frequently complained of fatigue.The doctor diagnosed his condition as _____ that results from the failure to eat adequate amounts of quality meats and dark green vegetables.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following scenarios best represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A young child might be heard saying "That tree pushed the leaf off and it fell down." The child's belief that the tree is capable of action is referred to as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research with the memory-span task suggests that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

18-month-old Alan hates spinach but says "Yum!" when he sees his mother eating her favorite spinach casserole.This indicates that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critics of universal preschool education argue that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Piaget's preoperational stage is so named because he believed that children in this stage of development:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing the heights and weights of preschool children around the world,it can be observed that there are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a criticism of Vygotsky's theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was cited by Zigler and his colleagues supporting universal preschool in the United States?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Debra is a very active child.She loves to tumble and show off.She is always trying what her parents consider hair-raising stunts.She also loves running and believes she can run faster than her parents.This type of activity level and confidence is most characteristic of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nurturing is a key aspect of the _____,which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his or her physical,cognitive,and socioemotional development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following should be minimized in order to improve eating behavior of children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is not true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Rochel Gelman,_____ is especially important in explaining conservation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of perception,by _____ years of age,a child recognizes that another person will see what is in front of his or her own eyes instead of what is in front of the child's eyes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The realization that people can have false beliefs develops in a majority of children by the time they are _____ years old.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Short sleep duration in children is linked with being:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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