Question 1

Bioremediation is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of microorganisms to treat open wounds
B)  the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances in the environment
C)  the use of bacteria to attack cancer cells
D)  the use of microorganisms to attack pathogenic bacteria
E)  the use of bacteria in the production of biofuelsF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

The atmosphere and seas of the early Earth lacked oxygen.What kind of organisms could NOT have lived under those conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  obligate aerobes
B)  obligate anaerobes
C)  facultative anaerobes
D)  chemoautotrophs
E)  cyanobacteriaF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

The plastids of kelps and other brown algae arose through secondary endosymbiosis.What modern organisms are most closely related to the type of cell that eventually became these plastids?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacteria
B)  Chlamydomonas (a single-celled green alga) 
C)  Trypanosoma (a kinetoplastid) 
D)  dinoflagellates
E)  coccolithophoridsF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 4

Some protists bear a small number of external cellular structures that facilitate swimming by repeatedly bending and straightening.These protists are informally known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  amoebae
B)  ciliates
C)  algae
D)  periphyton
E)  flagellatesF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is to plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their:

Accepted Answer

A)  thylakoids
B)  mitochondria
C)  pili
D)  gas vesicles
E)  magnetosomesF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  sporozoite
B)  gametocyte
C)  merozoite
D)  plasmacyte
E)  anthraciteF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

The choanoflagellates are in the supergroup

Accepted Answer

A)  Opisthokonta
B)  Rhizaria
C)  Amoebozoa
D)  Stramenopila
E)  AlveolataF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 9

Microcystis aeruginosa is a species of cyanobacteria.What CANNOT be true of this species?

Accepted Answer

A)  It synthesizes organic molecules.
B)  It is an obligate anaerobe.
C)  Its cells contain an extensive thylakoid.
D)  It uses ammonia to produce proteins.
E)  It secretes mucilagE.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 10

African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei,a flagellated protist with a kinetoplast.What human disease is caused by the protist most closely related to T.brucei?

Accepted Answer

A)  malaria
B)  giardiasis
C)  amoebic dysentery
D)  dinoflagellate toxin-induced nervous disordersE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the

Accepted Answer

A)  merozoites
B)  sporozoites
C)  saprophytes
D)  gametocytes
E)  neophytesF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

The process by which genetic material is exchanged between different species,such as an endosymbiont and its host,is:

Accepted Answer

A)  vertical gene transfer
B)  horizontal gene transfer
C)  binary fission
D)  mutualism
E)  parasitismF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers?

Accepted Answer

A)  They feed on nonliving organic matter.
B)  They play an important role in nutrient cycling.
C)  They break down wastes.
D)  They release nutrients that other organisms can use.
E)  They synthesize organic molecules.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

The difference between an akinete and endospore is that

Accepted Answer

A)  Akinetes are whole cells filled with food,whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells.
B)  Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely.
C)  Akinetes cannot resist stressful conditions whereas endospores can.
D)  Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can.
E)  Akinetes are reproductive structures whereas endospores are dormant,resistant structures.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 15

Plastids originated from which of the following groups of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanobacteria
B)  Spirochaetes
C)  Proteobacteria
D)  Archaea
E)  ActinobacteriaF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 16

Archaea are resistant to damage by harsh conditions because their membrane lipids,unlike those of bacteria and eukaryotes,have

Accepted Answer

A)  ether linkages
B)  ester linkages
C)  fatty acid chains
D)  isoprene chains
E)  peptidoglycanF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Archaea have very diverse environmental requirements and tolerances.From what you have learned about them,which among the following conditions or substances do ALL archaeans require for survival and reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen
B)  carbon
C)  moderate pH
D)  moderate temperature
E)  moderate salinityF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

A massive immigration of Irish to the United States in the mid-19th century because of a failure of the Irish potato crop was most likely caused by what protist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trichomonas vaginalis
B)  Plasmodiuim falciparum
C)  Phytophora infestans
D)  Giardia lamblia
E)  Pfiesteria shumwayaeF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 19

Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it allows scientists to cause mutations in the DNA thereby killing the pathogen
B)  it allows scientists to prevent meiosis and the duplication of genes necessary for the survival of the pathogen
C)  it allows the development of drugs that make antibodies against the pathogen
D)  it allows the development of drugs that target metabolic pathways unique to the pathogen
E)  it allows scientists to predict likely hosts of the pathogen using phylogenetic analysisF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Which protist would most likely be phytoplankton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kelp (a brown seaweed) 
B)  Plasmodium falciparum (the pathogen that causes malaria) 
C)  Polysiphonia (a red seaweed) 
D)  Euglena (a unicellular alga) 
E)  Phytophthora infestans (the pathogen that causes late-blight) F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Exam 22: Microorganisms: The Archaea, Bacteria, and Protists

The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a

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A massive immigration of Irish to the United States in the mid-19th century because of a failure of the Irish potato crop was most likely caused by what protist?

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Which protist would most likely be phytoplankton?

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Microcystis aeruginosa is a species of cyanobacteria.What CANNOT be true of this species?

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Archaea are resistant to damage by harsh conditions because their membrane lipids,unlike those of bacteria and eukaryotes,have

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The plastids of kelps and other brown algae arose through secondary endosymbiosis.What modern organisms are most closely related to the type of cell that eventually became these plastids?

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The choanoflagellates are in the supergroup

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African sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma brucei,a flagellated protist with a kinetoplast.What human disease is caused by the protist most closely related to T.brucei?

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The difference between an akinete and endospore is that

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Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers?

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The atmosphere and seas of the early Earth lacked oxygen.What kind of organisms could NOT have lived under those conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some protists bear a small number of external cellular structures that facilitate swimming by repeatedly bending and straightening.These protists are informally known as:

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Bioremediation is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Archaea have very diverse environmental requirements and tolerances.From what you have learned about them,which among the following conditions or substances do ALL archaeans require for survival and reproduction?

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The process by which genetic material is exchanged between different species,such as an endosymbiont and its host,is:

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The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is to plants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plastids originated from which of the following groups of prokaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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