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Whenever individuals think about investing money in stocks,bonds,or real estate,they must consider:


A) the trade-off between future value and expected value.
B) the opportunity cost of the risk involved.
C) the trade-off between risk and expected value.
D) the opportunity cost of the expected value.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In making decisions about insurance:


A) using hindsight is the only way to truly know what the right decision was.
B) you must consider it in light of the best information available at the time.
C) you need to weigh the cost of the insurance against the benefit of payouts over the life of the contract.
D) None of these statements is true.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The key to diversification is that the risks should be:


A) positively correlated.
B) uncorrelated.
C) negatively correlated.
D) easy to reduce.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The value of a loan of $100,000 after a year at 5 percent interest is:


A) $5,000.
B) $95,000.
C) $105,000.
D) None of these is true.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The two big problems facing insurance companies in trying to manage risk are:


A) risk pooling and diversification.
B) risk pooling and adverse selection.
C) adverse selection and moral hazard.
D) moral hazard and diversification.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Compounding:


A) is beneficial to savers, but costly to borrowers.
B) is beneficial to borrowers, but costly to savers.
C) is beneficial to borrowers and savers alike.
D) is costly to both borrowers and savers.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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The foundational principle that makes insurance companies work is called:


A) risk pooling.
B) risk assignment.
C) catastrophic causation.
D) risk analysis.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Suppose Jack and Kate are at the town fair and are choosing which game to play.The first game has a bag with four marbles in it-1 red marble and 3 blue ones.The player draws one marble from the bag; if it is red,they win $20 and if it is blue,they win $1.The second game has a bag with 10 marbles in it-1 red,4 blue,and 5 green.The player draws one marble from the bag; if it is red,they win $20; if it is blue,they win $5; and if it is green,they win $1.Both games cost $5 to play.What is the expected value of the payoff in the first game?


A) $5.75
B) $5.00
C) $4.75
D) $4.50

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The present value of $250,000 in 10 years at 2 percent interest is approximately:


A) $205,087.
B) $212,051.
C) $305,194.
D) $195,085.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Those who generally have low willingness to take on risk are said to be:


A) risk-seekers.
B) risk-averse.
C) low-risk players.
D) high-compensation players.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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A risk-seeker is likely to:


A) buy a government bond instead of a stock.
B) put money in a savings account instead of investing in a start-up company.
C) invest in a start-up company instead of putting his money under his mattress.
D) put his money under his mattress instead of buying company stock.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Expected value is:


A) the average of each possible outcome of a future event, weighted by its probability of occurring.
B) the average probability of all possible outcomes of a future event occurring, weighted by each possible outcome individually.
C) the sum of all probabilities of all possible outcomes of a future event occurring.
D) None of these statements is true.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following decisions are complicated by the value of money changing over time?


A) Buying a $100 concert ticket
B) Buying a $100 stock
C) Buying a $100 sweater
D) Buying a $100 blender

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Value of a loan amount X with interest r after one period equals:


A) (X * 1) /(X * r)
B) X * (1 + r)
C) X/(1 + r)
D) All of these are true.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Different banks:


A) may offer loans at different rates.
B) all offer loans at the same interest rate.
C) are mandated to follow the Fed's set interest rate.
D) never offer loans at exactly the same rates.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Present value is:


A) how much a certain amount of money that will be obtained in the future is worth today.
B) how much a certain amount of money that you have in the present will be worth in the future.
C) the process of accumulation of additional interest paid on interest that has already been earned.
D) how much a certain amount of money needs to be discounted to be meaningful.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Diversification involves:


A) investing all your money in one company.
B) buying only one kind of stock.
C) buying only low-risk bonds.
D) None of these statements is true.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The interest rate you typically earn on a deposit at a bank:


A) represents the price of your loan.
B) represents the risk of investing.
C) is the opportunity cost to you of lending money.
D) is the opportunity cost to a bank of lending money.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is closest to the future value of an $800,000 deposit earning 2 percent interest annually after 20 years?


A) $1,120,262
B) $1,188,758
C) $1,201,204
D) $1,176,224

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The process of accumulation that occurs when interest is paid on previously earned interest is called:


A) present valuation.
B) backdating.
C) compounding.
D) front loading.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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