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Exam 15: Diagnosing Infections

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Question 21

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Phenotypic methods of identifying microorganisms in a patient sample are characterized as those that ________.

A) directly examine the organism's appearance or behavior, which includes its metabolic abilities,environmental preferences and drug susceptibilities
B) analyze the genetic makeup of the microorganism,which conclusively diagnoses the infection
C) make use of the patient's antibodies to precipitate the microorganism out of solution,or agglutinate the antigens in the sample
D) make use of color-changing antibodies directed against the microbe that will become visible to the naked eye when bound

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

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Titer is the amount of ________.

A) antigen in serum
B) antibody in serum
C) WBC in serum
D) complement in serum
E) memory cells in serum

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Question 23

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Which sample is not typically collected by sterile needle aspiration?

Which of the following is not one of the main categories for identifying microbes?

Specimen collection ________.

Techniques that make use of probes that hybridize to specific sequences of a pathogen's genome include ________.

A student nurse on a medical-surgical floor is caring for a 62-year-old previously healthy female. The patient has been admitted for an infectious disease work-up. She has been experiencing generalized pain and nausea for the past three weeks, and recently developed a fever. The student nurse prepares to assist the RN in collecting blood for the following lab tests: complete blood count (CBC) , C-reactive protein (CRP) , eosinophil sedimentation rate (ESR) , blood culture, urine culture, and a lumbar puncture with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) culture and cell count. The nurse is also collecting a sputum culture, as well as a respiratory PCR by nasopharyngeal suction. -The lumbar puncture was especially uncomfortable for the patient.What step listed below is most important to be taken to ensure the procedure does not need to be repeated?  

The public health department is following a 34-year-old male who has reported several weeks of general malaise and a low-grade fever. The nurse assigned to his case communicates with the patient regarding the results of his laboratory testing. -An ELISA test sent for HIV screening came back with a positive result.The nurse educates the patient that this test is highly sensitive with low specificity. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of this teaching?

An outbreak of E.coli 0157:H7 was suspected to be associated with the petting zoo enclosure at the state fair.  Epidemiologists with the CDC created a DNA fingerprint from the E.coli isolated from patients and compared it to bacterial isolates analyzed by national laboratories.  They confirmed that the organism was indeed being transmitted by the animals at the fair.  The CDC uses what method to generate these fingerprints?

The Weil-Felix test is used for diagnosing salmonellosis.

Antibody testing requires ________.

MRI,CT and PET scans are useful diagnostic tools in cases where infection is located in deep tissues,thereby saving the patient from an invasive biopsy.

Biochemical tests include all of the following except ________.

Which of the following is not a phenotypic method of identification?

Serological tests should have low sensitivity and specificity.

Each of the following are appropriate specimens for bacterial culture except ________.

The public health department is following a 34-year-old male who has reported several weeks of general malaise and a low-grade fever. The nurse assigned to his case communicates with the patient regarding the results of his laboratory testing. -The patient reports that he had a negative HIV PCR test about a month ago.What is the most appropriate interpretation of this information by the nurse? 

The value of whole genome sequencing is that it can separate larger strands of DNA by slowly applying alternating voltage levels from three different directions.

A student nurse on a medical-surgical floor is caring for a 62-year-old previously healthy female. The patient has been admitted for an infectious disease work-up. She has been experiencing generalized pain and nausea for the past three weeks, and recently developed a fever. The student nurse prepares to assist the RN in collecting blood for the following lab tests: complete blood count (CBC) , C-reactive protein (CRP) , eosinophil sedimentation rate (ESR) , blood culture, urine culture, and a lumbar puncture with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) culture and cell count. The nurse is also collecting a sputum culture, as well as a respiratory PCR by nasopharyngeal suction. -The patient's respiratory PCR results are reported as "insufficient cells available for testing." Which of the following statements by the student nurse indicates proper understanding of the findings? 

A student nurse on a medical-surgical floor is caring for a 62-year-old previously healthy female. The patient has been admitted for an infectious disease work-up. She has been experiencing generalized pain and nausea for the past three weeks, and recently developed a fever. The student nurse prepares to assist the RN in collecting blood for the following lab tests: complete blood count (CBC) , C-reactive protein (CRP) , eosinophil sedimentation rate (ESR) , blood culture, urine culture, and a lumbar puncture with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) culture and cell count. The nurse is also collecting a sputum culture, as well as a respiratory PCR by nasopharyngeal suction. -The patient's CRP is markedly elevated.What does this indicate?