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During which phase of structural family therapy does assessment occur?


A) opening
B) mapping underlying structure
C) transformation of family structure
D) structural therapists do not use assessments

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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When parents are unable to resolve the conflicts between them, a common pattern is to continue to argue through the children. When father says mother is too permissive, she says he's too strict. He may in turn withdraw, and she responds to the child with excessive concern and devotion. The structural term which best describes the resulting family structure is


A) diffuse boundaries between husband and wife
B) a cross-generational coalition between mother and child
C) overinvolvement between father and child
D) a pathological triangle

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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What are "boundaries" and why are they important in understanding the problems of a newly married couple?

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Boundaries in the context of a newly mar...

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When two people marry, they must learn to negotiate the nature of the boundary between them, as well as the boundary separating them from the outside. This structural requirement is known as


A) accommodation
B) complementarity
C) disengagement
D) differentiation

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Why are "enactments" used in structural therapy?

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Enactments are used in structural therap...

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In order to discern a family's structure two things are necessary: a theoretical system that explains structure and


A) family members' self-reports
B) live observation
C) a structured assessment interview
D) none of these choices

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Minuchin's term for psychological isolation that results from overly rigid boundaries around individuals and subsystems in a family is


A) enmeshment
B) differentiation
C) emotional cutoff
D) disengagement

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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A family therapist who begins a session by greeting individual family members by name and asking for each person's view of the problem is demonstrating which strategy?


A) boundary making
B) highlighting the interactions
C) accommodating
D) joining

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Structural family therapists use ________ to observe and then change transactions that make up family structure.


A) genograms
B) paradoxical directives
C) double-binds
D) enactments

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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List and describe the three overlapping phases in the process of structural family therapy. Describe the specific strategies that structural therapists employ in each phase. Use a case example for illustration.

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Structural family therapy is a therapeut...

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The goal in structural family therapy when working with enmeshed families is to


A) establish reinforcement reciprocity by teaching methods of positive control
B) differentiate individuals and subsystems by strengthening the boundaries around them
C) increase interaction by making boundaries more permeable
D) all of these choices

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Structural therapists attempt to alter the family's view of reality by


A) heightening emotional experiencing
B) challenging cognitive constructions
C) realigning boundaries between individuals and subsystems
D) accommodating to the viewpoint of the most powerful family member

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Minuchin, Rosman, and Baker (1978) reported a 90% improvement rate in the results of their treatment study of structural family therapy in treating


A) drug addiction
B) anxiety disorders
C) depression
D) anorexia

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Discuss the pros and cons of the argument that structural family therapy (as practiced by Minuchin) is not a collaborative model.

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Structural family therapy, as practiced ...

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An interaction stimulated in structural family therapy in order to observe and then change transactions which make up family structure is called


A) a positive connotation
B) a spontaneous behavior exchange
C) a reframing
D) an enactment

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Structuralists believe the family must first accept the therapist, in a process called ________, which allows the therapist to increase stress and unbalance the family homeostasis, thus opening the way for structural transformation in the family.


A) detouring
B) taking an "I" position
C) restructuring
D) joining

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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B

Disengaged subsystems are surrounded by ________ boundaries while ________ subsystems have ________ boundaries.


A) rigid, enmeshed, diffuse
B) executive, rigid, enmeshed
C) rigid, executive, diffuse
D) rigid, diffuse, enmeshed

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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The primary treatment goal of structural family therapy is to


A) teach the family problem-solving strategies
B) alter the family structure
C) strengthen boundaries around rigid family subsystems
D) heighten emotional experiencing

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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B

________ is another method of modifying interactions, which structural therapists use to help family members employ more functional alternatives already in their repertoire of skills.


A) Positive connotations
B) Shaping competence
C) Detriangling
D) Operant conditioning

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Compare and contrast structural family therapy to the early communications therapy practiced by Don Jackson and colleagues. Consider theoretical adequacy, specificity of constructs, strategies and techniques, roles of the therapist, and types of client problems best suited for each approach.

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Structural family therapy, developed by Salvador Minuchin, focuses on the structure of the family system and how it influences individual behavior. The therapist in this approach examines the family’s organization, boundaries, and power dynamics to understand and address the presenting issues. The theoretical adequacy of this approach lies in its emphasis on the family as a system with interconnected parts, and how changes in one part can impact the whole system. On the other hand, early communications therapy, practiced by Don Jackson and colleagues, emphasized the importance of patterns of communication within the family. The therapists in this approach focused on creating new communication patterns within the family to bring about change. The theoretical adequacy here is in understanding how communication patterns can create and maintain dysfunctional family dynamics. In terms of specificity of constructs, structural family therapy focuses on specific elements of the family system such as boundaries, alliances, and alignments, while early communications therapy focuses on specific communication patterns and their impact on family functioning. The strategies and techniques used in structural family therapy include joining, boundary making, and restructuring, while early communications therapy focused on techniques such as paradoxical interventions and reframing to change communication patterns. The roles of the therapist in structural family therapy involve actively joining the family system, observing interactions, and intervening to bring about change in the family structure. In early communications therapy, the therapist takes on the role of a facilitator, guiding the family in creating new communication patterns. Regarding the types of client problems best suited for each approach, structural family therapy is well-suited for families dealing with issues related to boundaries, power dynamics, and organization, while early communications therapy may be more suitable for families with communication breakdowns and relational conflicts. In conclusion, while both approaches share a focus on the family as a system, they differ in their emphasis on structural elements and communication patterns. Each approach has its own theoretical adequacy, specificity of constructs, strategies and techniques, roles of the therapist, and types of client problems best suited for the approach.

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