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Exam 15: The Environment, Consumption, and Climate Change

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Question 31

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Hourdequin argues that individual rationality is just a matter of preference satisfaction, irrespective of how one's actions effect other people.

A) True
B) False

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Question 32

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Baxter defends an anthropocentric approach to ethical issues concerning the environment.

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B) False

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Question 33

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Baxter argues that to understand the true costs of pollution control we must first achieve an understanding of the difference between dollars and _________, where the latter, unlike dollars, is "the wealth of our nation" and "of vital importance."

Leopold claims that history has shown that "the conqueror role is eventually self-defeating." It is self-defeating, in this view, because

Ecoholism is the view that

According to Baxter's "spheres of _________" criterion, every person should be free to do whatever he or she wishes in contexts where his or her actions do not interfere with other human beings.

Suppose Nathan argues that while neither nonhuman nor nonsentient beings have direct moral standing, we still ought to have a certain noninstrumental regard for the environment because failing to do so involves a deficiency in one's moral character. Nathan is most likely applying what moral theory?

"The major obstacle to humility . . . ," says Hill, "is _________, a tendency to measure the significance of everything by its relation to oneself."

In Leopold's view, all ethics so far evolved rest upon the premise that the individual is a member of a community of interdependent parts.

An ethic for the use of the environment does not count as an environmental ethic, because it is consistent with anthropocentrism.

_________ is the view that the only beings who possess direct moral standing are human beings and all other beings (living and nonliving) are of mere indirect moral concern.

Sinnott-Armstrong claims that it is morally better for individuals to not engage in activities like driving a gas-guzzling car just for fun.

Biocentrism is the view that

One aspect of humility, what Hill calls _________, "involves acknowledging, in more than a merely intellectual way, that we are the sort of creatures we are."

Hourdequin argues against people do not act in ways that the framing of _________ action problems assume that they do.

Gardiner believes that "temporal fragmentation" is much worse (for climate change) than the associated "spatial fragmentation."

Hill claims that it's possible to not regard an act as wrong while at the same time seeing it as reflecting something objectionable about the person who performed that act.

Any ethic that accords direct moral standing to nonhuman creatures is an environmental ethic

In Baxter's view, the first and foremost step toward a solution of our environmental problems is a clear recognition that our objective is not pure air or water but rather

Baxter claims that his "very general way" of stating what we should strive for environmentally assumes that