Question 1

Throughout the aging process, optimal functioning of body organs decreases, but it may be years before organ decline is noticeable. This phenomena is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   compression of morbidity.
B)   homeostasis.
C)   reserve capacity.
D)   organ repression.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Because elderly individuals need similar amounts of nutrients compared to their younger counterparts but fewer calories, they should focus on dietary patterns that emphasize

Accepted Answer

A)   nutrient density.
B)   energy density.
C)   liquid calories.
D)   fat intake.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Mack is constipated. Recommendations to alleviate constipation include

Accepted Answer

A)   eating 50 grams of fiber per day.
B)   drinking more fluid.
C)   using mineral oil routinely and liberally.
D)   eating more refined grains.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The dietary manipulation that is most significantly related to longevity in animal studies is

Accepted Answer

A)   protein restriction.
B)   low fat intake.
C)   calorie restriction.
D)   high carbohydrate intake.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation, defined as the consumption of up to ________ drink(s)  per day for women and older adults and up to ________ drink(s)  per day for men.

Accepted Answer

A)   0; 1
B)   1; 2
C)   2; 3
D)   3; 4E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

An 80-proof alcoholic beverage contains ________ percent alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A)   40
B)   20
C)   100
D)   80E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

One of the physiological changes of aging that often results in decreases in nutrient utilization is

Accepted Answer

A)   increased appetite.
B)   increased liver function.
C)   increased body water.
D)   poor dentition.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Match the following terms with their appropriate definition or description.
-Withdrawal

Accepted Answer

A)  Needing more of a substance to achieve the desired effect (e.g., intoxication)  or experiencing diminished effects of a given amount of a substance after repeated use.
B)  An enzyme used in alcohol (ethanol)  metabolism that converts alcohol into acetaldehyde.
C)  Any pattern of alcohol consumption in excess of 4 drinks in 1 day or 14 drinks per week for men or 3 drinks in 1 day or 7 drinks per week for women.
D)  A psychiatric disorder characterized by a problematic pattern of alcohol use that leads to significant impairment or distress.
E)  For men, consuming no more than 4 drinks in 1 day AND no more than 14 drinks per week; for women, consuming no more than 3 drinks in 1 day AND no more than 7 drinks per week.F) An enzyme used in ethanol metabolism that eventually converts acetaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water.G) Drinking sufficient alcohol within a 2-hour period to increase blood alcohol content to 0.08 grams per deciliter or higher; for men, consuming 5 or more drinks in a row; for women, consuming 4 or more drinks in a row.H) A loss of functioning liver cells, which are replaced by nonfunctioning connective tissue.I) Physical symptoms related to cessation of substance use, such as sweating, rapid pulse, shakiness, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, anxiety, and even seizures.J) D) and F)
K) A) and F)

Question 9

Among the older population, the fastest growing age group is

Accepted Answer

A)   60 to 65.
B)   65 to 75.
C)   75 to 80.
D)   85 and older.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Life expectancy in North America is about ________ years for men and ________ for women.

Accepted Answer

A)   78; 71
B)   75; 75
C)   78; 80
D)   76; 81E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The most common type of malnutrition during the adult years is ________ deficiency.

Accepted Answer

A)   vitamin K
B)   phytochemical
C)   vitamin C
D)   ironE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Adequate intake of high-quality protein ________ the rate of muscle breakdown associated with aging.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases
B)   decreases
C)   does not affectD) A) and C)
E) A) and B)

Question 13

For those over 40 years of age, a physical activity routine should include

Accepted Answer

A)   clearance by a primary care provider.
B)   strength training only.
C)   limited flexibility.
D)   pushing through the pain.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Match the following terms with the descriptions below.
-Sarcopenia

Accepted Answer

A)  Substance found in high amounts in fish that may enhance mental function and reduce depression
B)  Delay of onset of disabilities caused by chronic diseases
C)  Tendency for efficient use of energy that predisposes a person to weight gain
D)  The average length of life for a given group of people born in a specific year
E)  Loss of muscle massF) Process by which glucose attaches to and damages proteins.G) This hormone circulates at high concentrations in young men but falls during agingH) The extent to which an organ can preserve essentially normal function despite decreasing cell number or cell activityI) The potential oldest age a person can reachJ) E) and I)
K) B) and D)

Question 15

Match the following terms with their appropriate definition or description.
-Alcohol use disorder

Accepted Answer

A)  Needing more of a substance to achieve the desired effect (e.g., intoxication)  or experiencing diminished effects of a given amount of a substance after repeated use.
B)  An enzyme used in alcohol (ethanol)  metabolism that converts alcohol into acetaldehyde.
C)  Any pattern of alcohol consumption in excess of 4 drinks in 1 day or 14 drinks per week for men or 3 drinks in 1 day or 7 drinks per week for women.
D)  A psychiatric disorder characterized by a problematic pattern of alcohol use that leads to significant impairment or distress.
E)  For men, consuming no more than 4 drinks in 1 day AND no more than 14 drinks per week; for women, consuming no more than 3 drinks in 1 day AND no more than 7 drinks per week.F) An enzyme used in ethanol metabolism that eventually converts acetaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water.G) Drinking sufficient alcohol within a 2-hour period to increase blood alcohol content to 0.08 grams per deciliter or higher; for men, consuming 5 or more drinks in a row; for women, consuming 4 or more drinks in a row.H) A loss of functioning liver cells, which are replaced by nonfunctioning connective tissue.I) Physical symptoms related to cessation of substance use, such as sweating, rapid pulse, shakiness, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, anxiety, and even seizures.J) A) and H)
K) C) and I)

Question 16

Match the following terms with the descriptions below.
-Life expectancy

Accepted Answer

A)  Substance found in high amounts in fish that may enhance mental function and reduce depression
B)  Delay of onset of disabilities caused by chronic diseases
C)  Tendency for efficient use of energy that predisposes a person to weight gain
D)  The average length of life for a given group of people born in a specific year
E)  Loss of muscle massF) Process by which glucose attaches to and damages proteins.G) This hormone circulates at high concentrations in young men but falls during agingH) The extent to which an organ can preserve essentially normal function despite decreasing cell number or cell activityI) The potential oldest age a person can reachJ) D) and F)
K) All of the above

Question 17

The ________ dietary pattern features an abundant intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, and seeds.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mediterranean
B)   Western
C)   Atkins
D)   KetogenicE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Match the following terms with their appropriate definition or description.
-Heavy drinking

Accepted Answer

A)  Needing more of a substance to achieve the desired effect (e.g., intoxication)  or experiencing diminished effects of a given amount of a substance after repeated use.
B)  An enzyme used in alcohol (ethanol)  metabolism that converts alcohol into acetaldehyde.
C)  Any pattern of alcohol consumption in excess of 4 drinks in 1 day or 14 drinks per week for men or 3 drinks in 1 day or 7 drinks per week for women.
D)  A psychiatric disorder characterized by a problematic pattern of alcohol use that leads to significant impairment or distress.
E)  For men, consuming no more than 4 drinks in 1 day AND no more than 14 drinks per week; for women, consuming no more than 3 drinks in 1 day AND no more than 7 drinks per week.F) An enzyme used in ethanol metabolism that eventually converts acetaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water.G) Drinking sufficient alcohol within a 2-hour period to increase blood alcohol content to 0.08 grams per deciliter or higher; for men, consuming 5 or more drinks in a row; for women, consuming 4 or more drinks in a row.H) A loss of functioning liver cells, which are replaced by nonfunctioning connective tissue.I) Physical symptoms related to cessation of substance use, such as sweating, rapid pulse, shakiness, insomnia, nausea and vomiting, anxiety, and even seizures.J) A) and E)
K) D) and F)

Question 19

Match the following popular herbal remedies with their purported effects below.
-Cranberry

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased energy; lower blood glucose
B)  Reduction of blood cholesterol or blood pressure
C)  Improved sleep; reduced anxiety
D)  Prevention or treatment of urinary tract infections
E)  Reduced depressionF) Prevention or treatment of colds or infectionsG) Mild reduction of menopausal symptomsH) Increased circulation; improved memoryI) D) and E)
J) F) and G)

Question 20

Which of the following typically increases with aging?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sense of thirst
B)   Lean tissue mass
C)   Immune function
D)   Fat storesE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 16: Nutrition During Adulthood

For those over 40 years of age, a physical activity routine should include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following terms with their appropriate definition or description. -Alcohol use disorder

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Match the following terms with the descriptions below. -Life expectancy

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Among the older population, the fastest growing age group is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mack is constipated. Recommendations to alleviate constipation include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the physiological changes of aging that often results in decreases in nutrient utilization is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following terms with the descriptions below. -Sarcopenia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Throughout the aging process, optimal functioning of body organs decreases, but it may be years before organ decline is noticeable. This phenomena is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following terms with their appropriate definition or description. -Heavy drinking

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following typically increases with aging?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common type of malnutrition during the adult years is ________ deficiency.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ dietary pattern features an abundant intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, and seeds.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The dietary manipulation that is most significantly related to longevity in animal studies is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following terms with their appropriate definition or description. -Withdrawal

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An 80-proof alcoholic beverage contains ________ percent alcohol.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation, defined as the consumption of up to ________ drink(s) per day for women and older adults and up to ________ drink(s) per day for men.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adequate intake of high-quality protein ________ the rate of muscle breakdown associated with aging.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following popular herbal remedies with their purported effects below. -Cranberry

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because elderly individuals need similar amounts of nutrients compared to their younger counterparts but fewer calories, they should focus on dietary patterns that emphasize

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Life expectancy in North America is about ________ years for men and ________ for women.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation, defined as the consumption of up to drink(s) per day for women and older adults and up to drink(s) per day for men.

Correct Answer
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Life expectancy in North America is about years for men and for women.

Correct Answer
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