Question 1

Tetanus can be prevented with the DTaP childhood immunization and boosters with the tetanus
toxoid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Meningococcemia is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   best treated with penicillin G
B)   associated with vascular collapse, hemorrhage, and petechiae
C)   started from a nasopharyngeal infection
D)   caused by a gram-negative diplococcus
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Which brain defense restricts substances from entering the brain via the vascular system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Meninges
B)   Cranium
C)   Blood-brain barrier
D)   Microglia
E)   MacrophagesF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 4

The normal biota of the central nervous system includes _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Neisseria meningitidis
B)   Herpes simplex I
C)   Herpes simplex II
D)   Streptococcus agalactiae
E)   The CNS has no normal biota.F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

The concept of "immune privilege" explains why the central nervous system has _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a completely different set of immune responses
B)   a greater immune response than the rest of the body
C)   a reduced immune response compared to the rest of the body
D)   more MHC markers than other tissuesE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Which is the exotoxin of botulism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hemolysin
B)   Factor V
C)   Peroxidase
D)   Tetanospasmin
E)   BotulinumF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 7

Encephalitis is most commonly caused by a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterium
B)   protozoan
C)   helminth
D)   virusE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

A)   It has a polysaccharide capsule that resists phagocytosis.
B)   It is the most frequent cause of community-acquired meningitis.
C)   It is a small, gram-negative coccus.
D)   It produces an alpha-hemolysin and hydrogen peroxide.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

The organism responsible for the majority of neonatal meningitis is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Listeria monocytogenes
B)   Streptococcus agalactiae
C)   Escherichia coli K1
D)   Haemophilus inﬂuenzae
E)   Neisseria meningitidisF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Which type of cell has phagocytic capabilities in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Schwann cells
B)   Astrocytes
C)   Microglial cells
D)   Neurons
E)   MacrophagesF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Poliovirus initially multiplies in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   basal ganglia
B)   lymphoid tissue
C)   nasopharynx
D)   central nervous system
E)   intestineF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Two nervous system diseases are food-borne, botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum and listeriosis, a form of meningitis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes. These diseases differ in that_______,

Accepted Answer

A)   botulism has a very high mortality rate (~50%) , whereas listeriosis is readily cured by a course of antibiotics
B)   listeriosis primarily affects pregnant women, whereas botulism can affect anyone
C)   listeriosis is associated with contaminated low-acid vegetables, whereas botulism is associated with contaminated infant formula
D)   botulism results from an intoxication, whereas listeriosis is an infectionE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Toxoplasma gondii infects the brain, as do many other pathogens. However, Toxoplasma differs from other pathogens in that it _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   causes tumor formation in the brain
B)   always kills the host
C)   manifests in behavioral changes in the host
D)   causes destruction of brain tissueE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

As a child, you received the OPV vaccine and its boosters. Now you are going on a mission trip to Pakistan, and the vaccine is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When you go to the health o?ce for the vaccine, they give you the IPV vaccine. When you ask why you are receiving the IPV rather than the OPV, the personnel explain that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   IPV is used as a booster only, and OPV is used exclusively for children's ?rst immunization
B)   there is no possibility of actually developing polio from this vaccine
C)   the IPV is preferred by patients because it can be taken orally
D)   the IPV has fewer active viruses in it than the OPV, so it is saferE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

The gut-brain axis refers to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   changes in brain chemistry and behavior caused by the gut microbiota
B)   neurons in the spinal cord that connect the gut and the brain
C)   pores in the blood-brain barrier that permit the passage of glucose and other nutrients
D)   the location of dormant viruses that infect both the gut and the brainE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

No cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which organism is a common cause of meningitis in AIDS patients and can be found in bird droppings?

Accepted Answer

A)   Listeria monocytogenes
B)   Streptococcus agalactiae
C)   Cryptococcus neoformans
D)   Haemophilus inﬂuenzae
E)   Neisseria meningitidisF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

The vector involved in African sleeping sickness is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   tsetse ﬂy
B)   Anopheles mosquito
C)   hard-bodied tick
D)   reduviid "kissing" bug
E)   sand ﬂyF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

African sleeping sickness is caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Leishmania braziliensis
B)   Toxoplasma gondii
C)   Trypanosoma brucei
D)   Plasmodium falciparum
E)   LyssavirusF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Which is the exotoxin of botulism?

Correct Answer
verified

Meningococcemia is _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which type of cell has phagocytic capabilities in the central nervous system?

Correct Answer
verified

Which organism is a common cause of meningitis in AIDS patients and can be found in bird droppings?

Correct Answer
verified

Which brain defense restricts substances from entering the brain via the vascular system?

Correct Answer
verified

The gut-brain axis refers to _______.

Correct Answer
verified

The organism responsible for the majority of neonatal meningitis is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Toxoplasma gondii infects the brain, as do many other pathogens. However, Toxoplasma differs from other pathogens in that it _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Encephalitis is most commonly caused by a ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Tetanus can be prevented with the DTaP childhood immunization and boosters with the tetanus toxoid.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Correct Answer
verified

Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

African sleeping sickness is caused by ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The concept of "immune privilege" explains why the central nervous system has _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Poliovirus initially multiplies in the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The normal biota of the central nervous system includes _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Two nervous system diseases are food-borne, botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum and listeriosis, a form of meningitis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes. These diseases differ in that_______,

Correct Answer
verified

The vector involved in African sleeping sickness is the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

No cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Which is the exotoxin of botulism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meningococcemia is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of cell has phagocytic capabilities in the central nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organism is a common cause of meningitis in AIDS patients and can be found in bird droppings?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which brain defense restricts substances from entering the brain via the vascular system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The gut-brain axis refers to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organism responsible for the majority of neonatal meningitis is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toxoplasma gondii infects the brain, as do many other pathogens. However, Toxoplasma differs from other pathogens in that it _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Encephalitis is most commonly caused by a ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tetanus can be prevented with the DTaP childhood immunization and boosters with the tetanus toxoid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

African sleeping sickness is caused by ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concept of "immune privilege" explains why the central nervous system has _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Poliovirus initially multiplies in the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The normal biota of the central nervous system includes _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two nervous system diseases are food-borne, botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum and listeriosis, a form of meningitis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes. These diseases differ in that_______,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vector involved in African sleeping sickness is the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

No cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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