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Table 13-18 Table 13-18   -Refer to Table 13-18. What is the shape of the average-variable-cost curve? -Refer to Table 13-18. What is the shape of the average-variable-cost curve?

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AVC = VC/Q, where VC is graphed on the v...

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Scenario 13-21 Suppose that a small family farm sold its output for $100,000 in a given year. The family spent $25,000 on fuel, $40,000 on seed, fertilizer, and pesticides, and $25,000 on equipment, including maintenance. The family members could have earned $20,000 working at other occupations. -Refer to Scenario 13-21. What is the accounting profit for the family farm?

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Accounting profit = Total reve...

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Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory   -Refer to Table 13-6. Each worker at the Wooden Chair Factory costs $12 per hour. The cost of each machine is $20 per day regardless of the number of chairs produced. If the factory produces at a rate of 70 chairs per hour and operates 8 hours per day, what is the factory's total labor cost per day? A) $72 B) $112 C) $576 D) $616 -Refer to Table 13-6. Each worker at the Wooden Chair Factory costs $12 per hour. The cost of each machine is $20 per day regardless of the number of chairs produced. If the factory produces at a rate of 70 chairs per hour and operates 8 hours per day, what is the factory's total labor cost per day?


A) $72
B) $112
C) $576
D) $616

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The production function depicts a relationship between which two variables? Also, draw a production function that exhibits diminishing marginal product.

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The production function depict...

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In the long run a company that produces and sells covers for cell phones incurs total costs of $2,500 when output is 1,250 covers and $4,000 when output is 1,500 covers. For this range of output, the cell phone cover company exhibits


A) economies of scale.
B) constant returns to scale.
C) diseconomies of scale.
D) efficient scale.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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​Tony's Taco Truck has an average variable cost of $1.50 and a marginal cost of $2 when it produces 50 units of output (tacos) . We can conclude that the average variable cost of producing 51 tacos is


A) ​higher than $1.50.
B) ​lower than $1.50.
C) ​equal to $1.50.
D) ​either higher or lower than $1.50 depending on the direction of the marginal cost curve.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Table 13-14 Table 13-14   -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the total cost of producing 2 units of output? A) $10 B) $15 C) $38 D) $48 -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the total cost of producing 2 units of output?


A) $10
B) $15
C) $38
D) $48

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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A firm produces 60 units of output with 5 workers, 65 units with 6 workers, and 68 units with 7 workers. The firm's production function exhibits diminishing marginal productivity between 5 and 7 workers. ​

A) True
B) False

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How long does it take a firm to go from the short run to the long run?


A) six months
B) one year
C) two years
D) It depends on the nature of the firm.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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​Table 13-16 ​Table 13-16   -Refer to Table 13-16. What is the fixed cost of producing 0 units of output?​ A) ​$0 B) ​$12 C) ​$24 D) ​$16 -Refer to Table 13-16. What is the fixed cost of producing 0 units of output?​


A) ​$0
B) ​$12
C) ​$24
D) ​$16

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Implicit costs


A) do not require an outlay of money by the firm.
B) do not enter into the economist's measurement of a firm's profit.
C) are also known as variable costs.
D) are not part of an economist's measurement of opportunity cost.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Figure 13-5 Figure 13-5   -Refer to Figure 13-5. Curve C represents which type of cost curve? A) marginal cost B) average total cost C) average variable cost D) average fixed cost -Refer to Figure 13-5. Curve C represents which type of cost curve?


A) marginal cost
B) average total cost
C) average variable cost
D) average fixed cost

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Diminishing marginal productivity implies decreasing total product.

A) True
B) False

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The total cost to the firm of producing zero units of output is


A) zero in both the short run and the long run.
B) its fixed cost in the short run and zero in the long run.
C) its fixed cost in both the short run and the long run.
D) its variable cost in both the short run and the long run.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Marginal cost equals (i) change in total cost divided by change in quantity produced. (ii) change in variable cost divided by change in quantity produced. (iii) the average fixed cost of the current unit.


A) (i) and (ii) only
B) (ii) and (iii) only
C) (i) only
D) (i) , (ii) , and (iii)

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Profit is defined as


A) net revenue minus depreciation.
B) total revenue minus total cost.
C) average revenue minus average total cost.
D) marginal revenue minus marginal cost.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Table 13-14 Table 13-14   -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the variable cost of producing 8 units of output? A) $143 B) $153 C) $175 D) $185 -Refer to Table 13-14. What is the variable cost of producing 8 units of output?


A) $143
B) $153
C) $175
D) $185

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Average total cost is increasing whenever


A) total cost is increasing.
B) marginal cost is increasing.
C) marginal cost is less than average total cost.
D) marginal cost is greater than average total cost.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Average total cost tells us the


A) total cost of the first unit of output, if total cost is divided evenly over all the units produced.
B) cost of a typical unit of output, if total cost is divided evenly over all the units produced.
C) cost of the last unit of output, if total cost does not include a fixed cost component.
D) variable cost of a firm that is producing at least one unit of output.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The average-fixed-cost curve is always declining. How does this affect the relationship between the AVC and ATC curves?

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ATC = AVC + AFC, so the vertical distanc...

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