Question 1

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is that they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   contain more peptidoglycan
B)   have a predominance of unique, waxy lipids
C)   are easily decolorized
D)   contain lipopolysaccharide
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B)   Borrelia burghdorferi
C)   Streptococcus pneumoniae
D)   Mycoplasma pneumoniae
E)   Staphylococcus aureusF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 5

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls
B)   Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls
C)   Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls
D)   Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hook
B)   outer membrane
C)   filament
D)   sheath
E)   basal bodyF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 7

The enzyme ________, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A)   penicillinase
B)   lysozyme
C)   peptidase
D)   All of the choices are correct.
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 8

The laboratory report concludes that the diagnosis is salmonellosis caused by Salmonella infection. Remembering resources available for prokaryotic identification, the RN speculates that the laboratory technicians may have used

Accepted Answer

A)   Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because rRNA analysis was required in the identification of this pathogen.
B)   Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because its five volumes of information were necessary for phenotypic identification of this pathogen.
C)   Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because they needed to fully understand the evolutionary background of the pathogen.
D)   Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because it classifies prokaryotes based on phenotypic traits typically tested for in clinical settings.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   rRNA sequencing
B)   Shape
C)   Growth pattern in a culture medium
D)   Biochemical reaction
E)   All of these are phenotypic traits.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What three components comprise the flagellum, extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   Filament, hook, basal body
B)   Filament, basal body, hook
C)   Basal body, hook, filament
D)   Hook, basal body, filament
E)   Basal body, filament, hookF) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mycobacterium
B)   Mycoplasma
C)   Streptococcus
D)   Corynebacterium
E)   SalmonellaF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

If you observe rod-shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram-stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Cellular organisms without a true nucleus include bacteria and viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)   The cell walls of bacteria and archaea both contain the complex macromolecule peptidoglycan, whereas only the organisms in kingdom Plantae contain cell walls, which are made of cellulose.
B)   Bacteria and archaea have circular chromosomes in a nucleoid region whereas eukaryotes have linear chromosomes that are enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
C)   Flagella are found on bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes yet they all vary in structure.
D)   Ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed that the structure of the ribosomal subunits in archaea more closely resemble those of eukaryotes than bacteria.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 17

Specimen collection from the patient is ordered for microbial analysis in the hospital laboratory. Based upon the patient's symptoms, which of the following samples would the RN expect to be ordered for collection?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aseptic collection of cerebrospinal fluid
B)   Clean catch urine sample
C)   Stool sample
D)   Aseptic collection of sputumE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Gram staining reveals the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool. The RN understands how this bacterium would cause the patient's spike in temperature. Which of the following is the correct explanation for this patient's fever?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gram-negative bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer which confers their ability to cause fever.
B)   Gram-negative bacteria have two periplasmic spaces, which enhance their ability to cause fever.
C)   Gram-negative bacteria have porin proteins in their outer membrane, which confer their ability to cause fever.
D)   Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide in their outer membrane, and the lipid portion confers their ability to cause fever.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   gram-negative
B)   gram-positive
C)   found in archaea
D)   a spheroplast
E)   acid fastF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 20

The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Bacteria and Archaea

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is that they ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Which of the following is mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enzyme ________, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The laboratory report concludes that the diagnosis is salmonellosis caused by Salmonella infection. Remembering resources available for prokaryotic identification, the RN speculates that the laboratory technicians may have used

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What three components comprise the flagellum, extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you observe rod-shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram-stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cellular organisms without a true nucleus include bacteria and viruses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Specimen collection from the patient is ordered for microbial analysis in the hospital laboratory. Based upon the patient's symptoms, which of the following samples would the RN expect to be ordered for collection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gram staining reveals the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool. The RN understands how this bacterium would cause the patient's spike in temperature. Which of the following is the correct explanation for this patient's fever?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
False

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
False

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
True

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified