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All of the following are results of undernutrition except


A) reduction of activity.
B) blindness from xerophthalmia.
C) iron-deficiency anemia.
D) coronary heart disease.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following factors will adversely affect the nutritional status of a country?


A) Movement of the population to urban centers
B) Maintenance of rural, small farms
C) Movement away from the growth of cash crops
D) Discouraging the establishment of large farms

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The organ system most affected by undernutrition in infancy and early childhood is the _______________.


A) nervous
B) cardiovascular
C) muscular
D) respiratory

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is not true about the history of nutrition assistance programs in the United States?


A) Food assistance programs developed in the 1960s and 1970s are not relevant to the current problem of undernutrition in the United States.
B) The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 expanded food assistance benefits for low-income families.
C) Reducing funding for federal nutrition programs affects the amount of undernutrition in the United States.
D) More than 150,000 charitable food programs help to address unmet needs of undernourished Americans.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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According to the conceptual framework of malnutrition developed by the United Nations Children's Fund in 1990, the underlying causes of malnutrition include


A) insufficient health services.
B) human and economic resources.
C) inadequate dietary intake and unsatisfactory health.
D) inadequate access to food and health services.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The food assistance program developed in the 1960s to help whole families purchase healthy foods is the


A) School Breakfast Program.
B) School Lunch Program.
C) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
D) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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One of the best ways to decrease the population aspect of the food/population ratio is for countries to institute birth control programs.

A) True
B) False

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The homeless in the United States are at increased risk of undernutrition. Which of the following is true about the homeless?


A) Most of them are alcoholics.
B) Most of them are lazy.
C) Many are members of families with children.
D) All are poorly educated.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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____________ is a form of undernutrition caused by an extremely deficient intake of calories, protein, or both. Two examples of this type of malnutrition are kwashiorkor and marasmus.


A) Protein-energy malnutrition
B) Anorexia
C) Starvation
D) Scurvy

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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All of the following are obstacles to solving problems of undernutrition in developing nations except


A) an imbalance between food/population ratios.
B) poor infrastructure.
C) lack of available technology that could be taught to the populations.
D) war.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The United Nations member states have agreed to make progress to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by the year


A) 2015
B) 2020
C) 2025
D) 2030

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is true about homelessness and undernutrition in America?


A) The homeless have plenty of resources; they just fail to utilize them.
B) Homeless children are about half as likely to experience hunger compared to children living in homes.
C) The rate of homelessness has declined over the last 25 years.
D) The recent increase in homelessness stems from a shortage of affordable rental housing coupled with an increase in poverty.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is true about semistarvation?


A) Impairment does not occur if there are no clinical symptoms.
B) Often the first sign that tissues are being affected is a biochemical change that may be detectable by a blood test.
C) Physical symptoms often appear before evidence of biochemical changes.
D) Action to correct undernutrition should only be taken when clinical symptoms are detected.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The Healthy Food Financing Initiative aims to eliminate the problem of


A) food deserts.
B) tooth decay.
C) unhealthy vending machine options in schools.
D) iron-deficiency anemia.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Housing, sanitation and storage facilities, and education, communication, and transportation systems are called a country's _______________.


A) architecture
B) facilitation structure
C) social structure
D) infrastructure

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?


A) Cross-breeding wheat and corn
B) Educating farmers about the advantages of one type of rice over another
C) Developing new, biodegradable pesticides
D) Changing DNA inside grape seeds so they produce their own pesticide to prevent attack by insects

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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The single most effective health advantage for people wherever they live is


A) adequate kilocalorie intake.
B) safe and convenient water supply.
C) well-built shelter.
D) adequate water intake.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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The root cause of hunger and undernutrition in the United States continues to be _______________.


A) homelessness
B) overpopulation
C) increased life expectancy
D) poverty

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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All of the following are socioeconomic factors affecting hunger in the Unites States except


A) poverty.
B) homelessness.
C) political influences.
D) weather.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The consequences of undernutrition are most critical during


A) adulthood.
B) elementary school years.
C) infancy.
D) elderly years.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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